Ancient Greek Test Revision

                Today in class, we revised our test by going over answers around the class. It was frustrating when there was an answer that I got wrong which I already knew but for some reason put the wrong answer. I am really glad that we went over the test because I feel like I understand the subject better and some answers that weren’t clear are now straightened out for me which is good. The funniest part about today was when Sam asked Morgan about her nails when Morgan was trying to answer a question. Even though Morgan didn’t respond, Sam still continued to talk to her and answer questions. We also were assigned projects for ancient Greece which I am excited to do. I am planning on working hard for it so I can get a good grade to start out the quarter!

Ancient Greece Test

      Today in class we took a matching test on ancient Greece. It was based on people and on the titles of important things. When I first started out, I thought that I was doing great. Further down, I began to skip more and more of the questions. By the time I was finished the test my answers began to not match up considering my last answer stated that Xerxes was a Spartan ruler. It’s not that the test was hard, its just that the closer to the ends of class the more I rushed and I freaked out. I think if I was to do it over, I would do it differently and better. 

Crucible of Civilization 5

Pericles
     * He was born a aristocrat
     * He knew that everyone wanted a city fit to rule 
       an empire
     * He turned his attention to the acropolis
             - The Athenians left this untouched since 
               the war against Persia, but Pericles had 
               a different plan
Parthenon
     * This is what Pericles planned on putting on 
       the acropolis
     * The workers were free to design the way they
        pleased instead of being forced to do it a 
        specific way
     * Pericles was very involved in the building of this 
       (which took 15 years)
     * It became the most glorious symbol of their empire
     * There were regular people carved in friezes (500 feet
        long)
Aspasia
     * This was the women that Pericles had a relationship
        with even though that wasn't his wife
     * She was foreign, but was treated the same way
       men were treated
     * This was a scandal and surprised everyone
     * She was beautiful and smart
Theater 
     * Down below the acropolis was the VERY FIRST theater
     * When the audience didn't like the story, they 
       would boo and hiss, but when they liked it, 
       they would cry with the tragedies
              - This was different then out theater because
                 they were much more loud and people 
                 got more into it
    * These stories preformed were called tragedies
      (it was the first invention of drama) or comedies
      (making fun of high powered people)


431 BC


War
     * Athens wanted to go in war with Sparta because we 
       wanted more (he wasn't satisfied) he was hubris
     * Sparta was the only other city state equal with Athens
     * Victory over Sparta would bring them over topped

Crucible of Civilization 4

Themistocles
     * He wasn't born as an aristocrat, but became strong and powerful 
       because he was good at his job
    * He led them through the second war against Persia
    * He sent a man to trick the Persians into the spot where they wanted
Trireme
    * They were battle ships that were made to run into other ships
    * They had 70 men all trained to row the boat in synchronization
    * It had a big piece of wood in the front of it to pierce the other boat
    * They were very expensive
    * This is what Athens used to destroy Persia (over sea)
Riches
    * They found riches and everyone wanted to spend it evenly
    * Themistocles told them that they should use the money to buy 
       triremes 
    * They bought over 200 triremes
Xerxes
    * Darius's son
    * He wanted to destroy Athens because they lost the first time, so he 
      began to gather warriors
    * News reached Athens that Xerxes and his army had set out for Athens
    * He was determined he would win
    * He burned everything that was important to Athens
    * Athens destroyed him and his people over sea
Oracle
    * Athens sent out for an oracle to see how the war would turn out or 
      what they should do
          - She told them to run because they were doomed
    * He went back for a second time
          - He interpreted the oracle as it being that his ships wouldn't fail
    * The one at Delphi was the most popular one
Salamas
    * The Athenian people abandoned Athens and ran away to Salamas
Delian League
    * The Greeks empire

Crucible of Civilization 3

Hippiass
     * He became ruler in 514 BC
     * His brother was murdered
            - This lead him to execute many people in revenge
              for his brothers death because he was paranoid
Cleisthenes
    * He decided to try to take over Hippiass for his family
      and fellow aristocrats
          - He was captured and banished form Athens 
          - People looked up to him because of his bravery and
            what he did
    * He began to feel that when he became ruler more and
      more people were against him
         - He was overthrown by Isagoris
         - Cleisthenes and his people revolted and Isagoris 
           surrendered 
Olympic Games
    * People were aloud to compete against whoever they
      wanted
    * Many people would come to attend
Agora
    * This is where they decided on their country 
    * They voted by a white pebble (yes) and a black pebble
      (no)
           - This was the first Democracy and it worked very
             well




New Generation 490 BC
Pheideppedds
     * He ran to Marathon for survival
           - He ran away from the war in his hometown of
             Athens to ask for help
           - He ran 140 miles in two days
           - When he finally arrived to seek help he was
             refused
Persia
     * They were big and ruled
     * When Athens began to gain power, they didn't like
       this
     * They didn't practice freedom like Greece did
     * The Athenians only had a hoplite to defend them
            - They were out-numbered but still felt hope
            - The Athenians won the battle
            - They killed over 6,000 Persians in one day 
Themistocles
    * He fought in the Athenian battle against Persia 

Crucible of Civilization 2

Cleisthenes
     * Grew up knowing he was an aristocrat
          - They had money and power
          - They ruled anyone lower than them
          - Anyone below this had to listen and follow the aristocrats
     * He was highly inspired by the Greek stories and tales
          - The two most popular were the Iliad and the Odyssey  (written by Homer)
Acropolis
    * The highest city/ area in Greece
City States
    * Greece was divided into tiny nations called city states
          - They all didn't act like one united empire
          - They fought with each other
    * Sparta
          - They were the one city state actually trained and grew up becoming tough and ready for war
Tyrant
     * Pisistratus 
         - Cleisthenes brother in law that came in claiming he was with the goddess Athena when it was really tall lady
        - Because people he thought it was an actually goddess he gained power and control over Athens
        - He began to start treating regular people really well to gain more control
Vase
     * Athens first artistic thing was the vase
     * It was more famous for what was inside of it then the look and design of it

Crucible of Civilization

• Geography of Greece
• Mountainous peninsula
• Mountains cover 3/4
• Approx. 1,400 islands in the Aegean and lonian seas
• Location shaped its culture
• Skilled sailors
• Poor natural resources
• Difficult to unite the ancient Greeks because of the terrain
• Developed small independent communities
• Only about 20% were suitable for farming
• Fertile valleys cover 1/4 of the peninsula
• Because of geography the Greek diet consist of grains, grapes, olives
• Lack of resources most likely led to Greek colonization
• Temperatures range from 48 in the winter to 80 in the summer

• Mycenaeans
• Ancestors of Greek
• Began around 2000 B.C.
•  Mycenae is located on a rocky ridge and protected by a 20 ft thick wall
• Mycenaean kings dominated Greece from 1600-1200 B.C.
• Controlled trade in the region
• 1400 B.C. Mycenaeans invaded Crete and absorbed Minoan culture and language
• 1200 B.C.: sea people began to invade Mycenae and burnt palace after palace
• The Dorians moved into the war-torn region
• Far less advanced
• Economy collapsed
• Writing disappeared for 400 years

• Homer and Myths
• Only stories were kept and passed on by word of mouth
• Homer lived at the end of the "Greek Dark Ages"
• Recorded stories of the Trojan War in the Iliad and the Odyssey
• Trojan war was probably one of the last conquests of the Mycenaeans

• Greek Concepts
• Arete
• Virtue and excellence
• Epics
• Narrative poems celebrating heroic deeds
• Myths were created to explain creation
• Zeus: leader of the gods
• Hera: Zeus's wife
• Athena: goddess of wisdom